在 C++11 引入移动语义之前,将对象作为参数传递或返回时,会触发一次拷贝构造或拷贝赋值,这对于大型资源对象会带来较大的开销。移动语义可以使得这些对象在被移动时,直接将指向资源的指针或引用交换给新对象,避免了不必要的拷贝。因此,对于要被移动的对象,需要在其类中定义移动构造函数和移动赋值运算符,实现资源指针或引用的交换。下面是一个示例代码:
class ResourceObject {
public:
ResourceObject(); // 默认构造函数
ResourceObject(const ResourceObject&); // 拷贝构造函数
ResourceObject(ResourceObject&&); // 移动构造函数
ResourceObject& operator=(const ResourceObject&); // 拷贝赋值运算符
ResourceObject& operator=(ResourceObject&&); // 移动赋值运算符
// 其他成员函数和成员变量...
private:
Resource* resource; // 资源指针
int size; // 资源大小
};
ResourceObject::ResourceObject() : resource(nullptr), size(0) {}
ResourceObject::ResourceObject(const ResourceObject& other) : size(other.size) {
if (other.resource) {
resource = new Resource(*other.resource);
}
}
ResourceObject::ResourceObject(ResourceObject&& other) : resource(other.resource), size(other.size) {
other.resource = nullptr;
other.size = 0;
}
ResourceObject& ResourceObject::operator=(const ResourceObject& other) {
if (&other != this) {
Resource* new_resource = other.resource ? new Resource(*other.resource) : nullptr;
delete resource;
resource = new_resource;
size = other.size;
}
return *this;
}
ResourceObject& ResourceObject::operator=(ResourceObject&& other) {
if (&other != this) {
delete resource;
resource = other.resource;
size = other.size;
other.resource = nullptr;
other.size = 0;
}
return *this;
}
在上面的示例代码中,当对一个 ResourceObject 对象进行移动操作时,资源指针会直接通过交换赋值给新对象,而不是进行不必要的拷贝。