要实现Android SpeechRecorder实时语音转文字预览在EditText中，可以使用Android的SpeechRecognizer和EditText控件。以下是一个示例的解决方法：

1. 添加权限到AndroidManifest.xml文件:

2. 在你的Activity布局文件中添加一个EditText控件:

3. 在你的Activity类中添加以下代码:

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.speech.RecognitionListener;
import android.speech.RecognizerIntent;
import android.speech.SpeechRecognizer;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int RECORD_AUDIO_PERMISSION_CODE = 1;
    private EditText editText;
    private SpeechRecognizer speechRecognizer;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        editText = findViewById(R.id.editText);

        // 检查并请求录音权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
                    RECORD_AUDIO_PERMISSION_CODE);
        } else {
            setupSpeechRecognizer();
        }
    }

    private void setupSpeechRecognizer() {
        if (SpeechRecognizer.isRecognitionAvailable(this)) {
            speechRecognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this);
            speechRecognizer.setRecognitionListener(new RecognitionListener() {
                @Override
                public void onReadyForSpeech(Bundle params) {}

                @Override
                public void onBeginningOfSpeech() {}

                @Override
                public void onRmsChanged(float rmsdB) {}

                @Override
                public void onBufferReceived(byte[] buffer) {}

                @Override
                public void onEndOfSpeech() {}

                @Override
                public void onError(int error) {}

                @Override
                public void onResults(Bundle results) {
                    ArrayList voiceResults = results.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION);
                    if (voiceResults != null && !voiceResults.isEmpty()) {
                        String spokenText = voiceResults.get(0);
                        editText.setText(spokenText);
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void onPartialResults(Bundle partialResults) {}

                @Override
                public void onEvent(int eventType, Bundle params) {}
            });
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Speech recognition not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    public void startSpeechToText(View view) {
        if (speechRecognizer != null) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH);
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL, RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM);
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_PARTIAL_RESULTS, true);
            speechRecognizer.startListening(intent);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Speech recognizer not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == RECORD_AUDIO_PERMISSION_CODE) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                setupSpeechRecognizer();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Record audio permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (speechRecognizer != null) {
            speechRecognizer.destroy();
        }
    }
}

4. 在你的布局文件中添加一个按钮，并在onClick属性中指定startSpeechToText方法:

现在当你点击Start按钮时，SpeechRecognizer将开始监听语音输入，并将实时转换的文字显示在EditText中。