要设置柱状图的左侧轴的最大和最小值，可以使用Apache POI库的XSSFChart对象和CTValAx对象来实现。以下是一个示例代码：

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;

public class BarChartExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建工作簿和工作表
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("柱状图示例");

        // 创建数据
        Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
        row1.createCell(0).setCellValue("商品");
        row1.createCell(1).setCellValue("销售量");
        Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
        row2.createCell(0).setCellValue("商品1");
        row2.createCell(1).setCellValue(100);
        Row row3 = sheet.createRow(2);
        row3.createCell(0).setCellValue("商品2");
        row3.createCell(1).setCellValue(200);
        Row row4 = sheet.createRow(3);
        row4.createCell(0).setCellValue("商品3");
        row4.createCell(1).setCellValue(150);

        // 创建柱状图
        Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        ClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 10, 20);
        Chart chart = drawing.createChart(anchor);
        ChartLegend legend = chart.getOrCreateLegend();
        legend.setPosition(LegendPosition.BOTTOM);

        // 设置绘图区域
        ChartAxis bottomAxis = chart.getChartAxisFactory().createCategoryAxis(AxisPosition.BOTTOM);
        ValueAxis leftAxis = chart.getChartAxisFactory().createValueAxis(AxisPosition.LEFT);
        leftAxis.setCrosses(AxisCrosses.AUTO_ZERO);
        ChartDataSource xs = DataSources.fromNumericCellRange(sheet, new CellRangeAddress(1, 3, 1, 1));
        ChartDataSource ys = DataSources.fromStringCellRange(sheet, new CellRangeAddress(1, 3, 0, 0));
        ChartData data = chart.getChartDataFactory().createBarChart(xs, ys);
        chart.plot(data, bottomAxis, leftAxis);

        // 设置左侧轴的最大和最小值
        CTValAx valAx = chart.getCTChart().getPlotArea().getValAxArray(0);
        valAx.getScaling().getMax().setVal(300); // 设置最大值
        valAx.getScaling().getMin().setVal(0); // 设置最小值

        // 保存工作簿
        try {
            FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("柱状图示例.xlsx");
            workbook.write(fileOut);
            fileOut.close();
            workbook.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这个示例代码创建了一个柱状图，并设置了左侧轴的最大值为300，最小值为0。你可以根据需要修改最大值和最小值的数值。最后，将工作簿保存到文件"柱状图示例.xlsx"中。