在Android Xamarin中，可以通过自定义适配器来实现ListView中的按钮。以下是一个简单的示例代码：

1. 首先，创建一个自定义适配器类，继承自BaseAdapter：

public class MyListAdapter : BaseAdapter
{
    private List items;
    private Context context;

    public MyListAdapter(Context context, List items)
    {
        this.context = context;
        this.items = items;
    }

    public override string this[int position] => items[position];

    public override int Count => items.Count;

    public override long GetItemId(int position)
    {
        return position;
    }

    public override View GetView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
    {
        View view = convertView;

        if (view == null)
        {
            LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)context.GetSystemService(Context.LayoutInflaterService);
            view = inflater.Inflate(Resource.Layout.list_item, null);
        }

        TextView text = view.FindViewById(Resource.Id.text);
        Button button = view.FindViewById(Resource.Id.button);

        text.Text = items[position];
        button.Text = "Button " + position;

        button.Click += (sender, e) =>
        {
            // 处理按钮点击事件
            Toast.MakeText(context, "Button " + position + " clicked", ToastLength.Short).Show();
        };

        return view;
    }
}

2. 在布局文件中定义ListView和list_item布局：

list_item.axml：

activity_main.axml：

3. 在MainActivity.cs中使用自定义适配器设置ListView的适配器：

public class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity
{
    private ListView listView;
    private List items;

    protected override void OnCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        base.OnCreate(savedInstanceState);
        SetContentView(Resource.Layout.activity_main);

        listView = FindViewById(Resource.Id.listView);

        items = new List
        {
            "Item 1",
            "Item 2",
            "Item 3"
        };

        MyListAdapter adapter = new MyListAdapter(this, items);
        listView.Adapter = adapter;
    }
}

通过以上代码，就可以在ListView中显示带有按钮的列表项了。当按钮被点击时，会显示一个Toast消息。你可以根据自己的需求在按钮的点击事件中进行相应的处理。