在build.gradle文件中添加以下代码：

android {
    ...
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            testCoverageEnabled true
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    ...
    androidTestImplementation('org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.8.7') {
        // JaCoCo version might need to be changed to match the version
        // used in other places (e.g. SonarQube)
        exclude group: 'org.slf4j', module: 'slf4j-android'
    }
}

jacoco {
    toolVersion "0.8.7"
    reportsDir file("$buildDir/reports")
}

tasks.withType(Test) {
    jacoco.includeNoLocationClasses = true
}

task jacocoTestCoverageVerification(type: JacocoCoverageVerification) {
    dependsOn 'testDebugUnitTest'
    sourceDirectories.setFrom(files(android.sourceSets.debug.java.srcDirs))
    classDirectories.setFrom(files("${buildDir}/intermediates/classes/debug"))
    // Change minimum coverage percentage as desired
    violationRules {
        rule {
            limit {
                minimum = 0.8
            }
        }
    }
}

注意：这个解决方法假设你使用的是JUnit和Robolectric进行单元测试，而不是Espresso进行UI测试。如果你使用Espresso，则应调整jacocoTestCoverageVerification任务中的依赖项。

最后，运行以下命令来运行Jacoco测试覆盖率验证任务：

./gradlew jacocoTestCoverageVerification