要在Android应用中显示用户的位置，可以使用Google Maps API和Location API。以下是一个包含代码示例的解决方法：

1. 在AndroidManifest.xml中添加以下权限：

2. 在build.gradle文件中添加Google Play服务依赖：

implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:17.0.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:18.0.0'

3. 在布局文件中添加一个MapView元素：

4. 在Activity或Fragment中实现以下代码：

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import com.google.android.gms.location.FusedLocationProviderClient;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationResult;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.CameraUpdateFactory;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.OnMapReadyCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.MarkerOptions;

public class MapsActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback {

    private static final int LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1;

    private GoogleMap googleMap;
    private FusedLocationProviderClient fusedLocationProviderClient;
    private LocationCallback locationCallback;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);

        SupportMapFragment mapFragment = (SupportMapFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.mapView);
        mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);

        fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
        locationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
                if (locationResult == null) {
                    return;
                }
                for (Location location : locationResult.getLocations()) {
                    LatLng latLng = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
                    googleMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(latLng));
                    googleMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(latLng, 15));
                }
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {
        this.googleMap = googleMap;
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                    LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        } else {
            startLocationUpdates();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                startLocationUpdates();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        startLocationUpdates();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        stopLocationUpdates();
    }

    private void startLocationUpdates() {
        LocationRequest locationRequest = LocationRequest.create()
                .setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY)
                .setInterval(5000)
                .setFastestInterval(1000);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            fusedLocationProviderClient.requestLocationUpdates(locationRequest, locationCallback, null);
        }
    }

    private void stopLocationUpdates() {
        fusedLocationProviderClient.removeLocationUpdates(locationCallback);
    }
}

这个示例代码使用了SupportMapFragment来显示地图，并通过FusedLocationProviderClient获取用户的位置更新。当用户位置更新时，将在地图上添加一个标记，并将地图的视图中心移动到用户的位置。

请注意，在运行代码之前，您需要在Google开发者控制台上创建一个项目，并为该项目启用Google Maps API和将其与应用关联的API密钥。