可能是由于GattCallback注册了不同的UUID导致，建议检查Descriptor UUID、Characteristic UUID和Service UUID是否与设备的UUID匹配。此外，也可以尝试使用BluetoothGatt#readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic)和BluetoothGatt#writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic)直接读写特征值并检查是否会触发相应的回调。以下是一个示例代码：

private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
        // ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
            List services = gatt.getServices();
            for (BluetoothGattService service : services) {
                Log.d(TAG, "getService(): " + service.getUuid());
                List characteristics = service.getCharacteristics();
                for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristics) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "getCharcteristic(): " + characteristic.getUuid());
                    List descriptors = characteristic.getDescriptors();
                    for (BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor : descriptors) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "getDescriptor(): " + descriptor.getUuid());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
        // ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
        // ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {
        // ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        // ...
    }
};

// 读取特征值
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = gatt.getService(serviceUuid)
    .getCharacteristic(characteristicUuid);
gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);

// 写入特征值
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = gatt.getService(serviceUuid)
    .getCharacteristic(characteristicUuid);
characteristic.setValue(value);
gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);