可以通过在连接时添加一个超时监听器来解决此问题。当连接状态变为断开状态时，可以通过超时监听器来取消连接并重新尝试连接。

示例代码：

private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
private BluetoothDevice mBluetoothDevice;
private boolean mIsConnected = false;
private boolean mIsConnecting = false;

// 连接蓝牙设备
private void connectToDevice() {
    // 取消已有连接
    if (mBluetoothGatt != null) {
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }

    mIsConnecting = true;
    mBluetoothGatt = mBluetoothDevice.connectGatt(mContext, false, mGattCallback);
    // 添加超时监听器
    new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (mIsConnecting) {
                mIsConnecting = false;
                mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
                mBluetoothGatt.close();
                mBluetoothGatt = null;
                // 重新连接
                connectToDevice();
            }
        }
    }, 10000); // 超时时间为10秒
}

private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
        super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);
        if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                mIsConnected = true;
                mIsConnecting = false;
                // 连接成功，可以进行discoverServices操作
            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                mIsConnected = false;
                // 连接断开，可以在此处重新连接
                connectToDevice();
            }
        } else {
            mIsConnected = false;
            mIsConnecting = false;
            mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
            mBluetoothGatt.close();
            mBluetoothGatt = null;
            // 连接失败，可以在此处重新连接
            connectToDevice();
        }
    }
};