1. 确保在AndroidManifest.xml文件中已添加 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限：

或

2. 确保已经获取了位置更新的权限

if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
}

3. 使用 LocationManager 注册位置更新监听器，

LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
        // 位置更新
    }

    @Override
    public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {}

    @Override
    public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {}

    @Override
    public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {}
};

locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener);

注意：此示例监听器使用GPS提供程序，如果要使用网络或其他提供程序，请将 LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER 替换为提供程序的名称。