在Android Studio上实现音频输入输出的方法如下：1. 设置相关权限。在AndroidManifest.xml中加入以下代码：

2. 添加AudioRecord代码进行录音，如下所示：

int sampleRateInHz = 44100;
int channelConfig = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO;
int audioFormat = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, channelConfig, audioFormat);
AudioRecord audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSizeInBytes);
audioRecord.startRecording();
short[] audioData = new short[bufferSizeInBytes];
audioRecord.read(audioData, 0, bufferSizeInBytes);
audioRecord.stop();

3. 添加AudioTrack代码进行播放，如下所示：

int sampleRateInHz = AudioTrack.getNativeOutputSampleRate(AudioManager.STREAM_SYSTEM);
int channelConfig = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO;
int audioFormat = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, channelConfig, audioFormat);
AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);

audioTrack.play();
audioTrack.write(audioData, 0, audioData.length);
audioTrack.stop();

以上方法能够解决Android Studio上的音频输入输出问题。