避免在主线程中进行耗时操作，例如从应用程序中查询已安装的应用程序名称。可以使用AsyncTask在后台线程中进行查询，以避免ANR。示例代码如下：

private class GetInstalledAppsTask extends AsyncTask> {

@Override
protected List doInBackground(Void... params) {
    PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
    List apps = pm.getInstalledApplications(0);
    List appNames = new ArrayList();
    for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) {
        appNames.add(app.loadLabel(pm).toString());
    }
    return appNames;
}

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(List appNames) {
    // Update UI with app names
}

}

// To execute the task: new GetInstalledAppsTask().execute();