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天文学家观测到一次异常强大的宇宙事件，他们认为这可能是黑洞撕裂一颗大质量伴星时引发的，释放的能量远超典型超新星。

一个黑洞撕碎了一颗巨大的恒星，引发了一场创纪录的爆炸，但天文学家在之后的发现可能更加不同寻常。

黑洞是宇宙中最具破坏力的天体之一，但天文学家如今观测到一种前所未有的宇宙暴力行为。一项新发现似乎表明，一个黑洞正在撕裂一颗巨大恒星，引发的爆炸威力远超已知的所有恒星坍缩事件。

该事件被正式命名为AT2024wpp，昵称为惠比特，其短暂释放的能量相当于4000亿个太阳，远超典型超新星的威力，也比以往观测到的任何由恒星坍缩驱动的爆炸都要明亮。

研究人员认为，爆发开始于一颗巨大的恒星过于靠近一个黑洞。黑洞的巨大引力拉伸并撕裂了这颗恒星，将一些物质吸入一个超热的圆盘。当碎片向内螺旋运动时，它发出了强烈的X射线，并推动一股强大的风进入恒星在最终毁灭前释放的气体。

利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学天体物理学副教授、该研究的主要作者丹尼尔珀利在美国天文学会年会上描述了这一发现：我们发现了一个我们认为是黑洞正在与一颗大质量伴星并合的现象，将伴星撕裂成一个环绕黑洞的吸积盘。这是一种罕见而令人惊叹的天文现象。

宇宙中破纪录的剧烈爆炸

天文学家此前曾观测到黑洞摧毁恒星的现象，这类事件被称为潮汐瓦解事件。而惠比特之所以不同寻常，在于其规模、速度和亮度。它还属于一种罕见的类别，称为明亮快速蓝光光学瞬变源（LFBOTs），这类天体在蓝光和紫外波段剧烈爆发，并比普通超新星更快地迅速变暗。

康奈尔大学天文学助理教授何安娜是这项研究的共同作者，她使用位于加利福尼亚州帕洛马天文台的兹威基瞬变设施在该物体的光到达地球后不久发现了Whippet。一天之内，位于加那利群岛的利物浦望远镜和美国宇航局的斯威夫特卫星证实该物体呈现强烈的蓝色并产生X射线。

R.迈克尔里奇（加州大学洛杉矶分校）和秦宇靖（加州理工学院）的距离测量结果表明，该爆发的能量远超普通超新星。其极高的温度与快速演化特征，更倾向于指向一颗恒星被黑洞撕裂并吞噬的过程。

尽管我们之前就有所怀疑，但这仍然非同寻常，佩尔利说，这次事件的能量比以往任何类似事件都要高出许多倍，也超过了目前已知的任何由恒星坍缩所驱动的爆炸。

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冲击波揭示恒星最后时刻

惠比特犬（Whippet）还揭示了天文学家通常无法直接观测到的现象：一颗濒死恒星周围隐藏的气体。一道激波以约光速五分之一的速度向外传播，猛烈冲击其附近的致密物质，随后在大约半年后突然熄灭。研究人员推测，激波之所以消退，是因为它抵达了恒星在最终爆发前抛射气体所形成的空腔的外缘。

blackhole'sfeedingprocessintoabrilliantdisplay.ThediskaroundtheblackholeproducedXraysandapowerfulgas"wind,"whichslammedintothestar'searlieroutflows.Thatcollisioncreatedtheblueopticalandultravioletglowseeninthefirstdays,followedbyradioandmillimetersignalslateron. translation黑洞的取食过程被surroundinggas转化成一个brilliantdisplay。围绕blackhole的gas产生X射线和一个powerful气流，它与星oids的早期expuffs相撞。这个碰撞创建了blue光学和ultravioletglow在第一天看到，随后radio和millimeter信号在后来days出现。 note这段text涉及天文学和科学概念，可能对某些人来说比较复杂。在时，我遵循了原text的结构和逻辑，但简化了somescientificdetails以使其更易于理解。

一个至今仍挑战天文学家的谜团

Theteambelievesthiscouldbeastreamofmaterialpulledfromthestar’scoreastheblackholetoreitapart.Amorespeculativepossibilityisthatanotherobjectinthesystem,perhapsathirdstar,wasblastedbytheblackhole’sparticlewindandXrayradiation.

一个由吸积到黑洞上的物质所驱动、极其明亮且快速演化的紫外瞬变源

相关知识

黑洞是宇宙中一种引力极强的天体，其引力强大到连光都无法逃脱。它由大质量恒星在生命末期发生引力坍缩形成。黑洞的中心称为奇点，周围存在一个事件视界，一旦物质或光线进入这个边界，就无法返回。

BY: Liverpool John Moores University

FY: AI

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